Cellular

The advancement of mobile networks is enumerated by generations. Many users communicate across a single frequency band through mobile phones. Cellular and cordless phones are two examples of devices which make use of wireless signals. Typically, cell phones have a larger range of networks to provide coverage. But, Cordless phones have a limited range. Similar to GPS devices, some phones make use of signals from satellites to communicate.

WWAN is a long-range communication using cellular network data anywhere and also with the utilization of internet. WWANs establish connection over large areas, like cities or countries, via multiple satellite systems or antenna sites looked after by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). These systems are referred to as 2G systems. These networks require high cost to deployment since they cover a large geographical area. WWANs include mobile telecommunication cellular networks such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), GSM, CDMA 2000, cellular digital packet data (CDPD) and Mobitex to transfer data.

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is a system of third generation (3G) of mobile services, which establish voice communications and high-speed data connectivity, including access to the Internet, mobile data applications, and multimedia content. High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) belong to 3.5 and 3.75 generation of mobile systems respectively. HSDPA possessing bitrates of 2Mbit/s for downlink and 384kbit/s for uplink direction and HSUPA allows sending data at a bit rate of 1.45Mbit/s for the uplink direction.

Fourth generation (4G) of mobile telecommunication technology provides mobile broadband internet access to wireless modems, Smartphone’s and also to other mobile systems. International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) specifications are used for 4G standards. Theoretical downlink speed is between 100Mbit/s to 1Gbits/s for mobile and fixed transmission and uplink speed is 60Mbit/s.